The New Slave Trade Essay -- Essays Papers

The New Slave Trade At the point when I showed up at the house of ill-repute, a young lady asked me, â€Å"What are you doing here?† I reacted, â€Å"I come here to work.† â€Å"Don’t you realize this is the place individuals sell their body?† I couldn’t rest around evening time; I continued pondering what she had said. Selling my body? I didn’t recognize what selling my body implies. I thought†¦ it implies cutting off pieces of my body and sell them; in the event that it was just that†¦ (Sacrifice) Here is another guiltless voice out of endless other people who have been explicitly misused by nondescript guilty parties night and day. As indicated by the Southeast Asian Women Organization, 30 million ladies and youngsters have been the survivor of sexual dealing since 1970. The specific measurements are hard to acquire in light of the fact that by its very nature, business sexual misuse includes secret exercises that expel the casualties from general visibility, making them apparently â€Å"invisible.† Bound behind the entryways of houses of ill-repute or mystery rooms, the ladies and kids are shrouded away with the goal that they can be abused at recreation while ensuring the perpetrators’ introduction. The social event of information must be led when the kids â€Å"surface† so the information consistently think little of the genuine extent of the issue. The youngsters â€Å"surfaced† when they flee to nearby destitute safe houses, look for emergency clinic medicines for STDs or different diseases, are gotten by movement administration or tossed out of their massage parlor as ‘useless’, or participate in such exercises that cause them to be recognized and recorded. Adding to this trouble is the way that there is little agreement in national law, across disciplines or in information gathering conventions on what establishes a youngster or sexual dealing. Indeed, even the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child a... ... nourishment for me to serve?† - they beat me up on the off chance that I didn’t lay down with the men - 30 million sexual dealing casualties since 1970 as indicated by Southeast Asia Ladies Organization - Global Fund for Women gives cash to programs - ABC Nepal tires to build ladies status - 75% of the populace in Nepal is uneducated - Night clubs and houses of ill-repute grew up like mushroom. 100,000 GI running to Bangkok to vent their epicurean want resembles getting mass assault to the nation. - Many sex visits and pagkages in Thailand. In certain towns, 70% of the young ladies function as whores - My just free day is when I’m discharging - Of the 30,000 Burmese ladies who were dealt to fill in as whores in Thailand, 50-70% is tried HIV positive before the year's over. (Ladies Project of Asia Watch)

Dangers of Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perils of Obesity - Research Paper Example e personal satisfaction and, eventually, result to death, but since it has gotten adequate because of social convictions and practices that advance inordinate/undesirable food and refreshment utilization and stationary ways of life. Corpulence is in excess of a physical issue since it is a result of current life that is outfitted towards absence of duty regarding one’s wellbeing, a human services industry that keeps on organizing treatment of ailments over counteraction, social acts of accommodation and stationary living, and a situation that advances inertia and unfortunate utilization convictions and practices. Corpulence is a peril to human life since it prompts the improvement of different sicknesses and social and enthusiastic results. Weight is associated with numerous diseases. Robert Sturm analyzed the impacts of corpulence, overweight, smoking, and issue drinking on medicinal services use and wellbeing status utilizing national overview information. He discovered that stoutness is profoundly connected with having ceaseless ailments, lower wellbeing related personal satisfaction, and higher medicinal services and prescription spending than smoking or issue drinking (Sturm 249). Viren Swami surveys writing on stoutness and notes that, as indicated by various investigations, heftiness is a â€Å"risk factor for cardiovascular maladies, grown-up beginning diabetes, hypertension, endometrial, ovarian, and bosom malignant growth, and nerve bladder disease† (3), and the U.S. Division of Health and Human Services affirms these hazard components of heftiness. Weight imperils peopleâ₠¬â„¢s wellbeing by prompting both lower term and personal satisfaction. Furthermore, being large opens individuals to bias and separation. Rebecca Puhl and Kelly D. Brownell examined oppression large people. They discovered that segregation is available in three parts of society: â€Å"employment, instruction, and wellbeing care† (Puhl and Brownell 788). Specifically, a few educators feel that being hefty is the most terrible that can happen to individuals, individuals are less inclined to

Perspectives in Modern Psychology

Perspectives in Modern Psychology Basics Print Perspectives in Modern Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 27, 2019 Verywell / Emily Roberts More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming There are many different ways of thinking about human behavior. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave. Some researchers focus on one specific school of thought, such as the biological perspective, while others take a more eclectic approach that incorporates multiple points of view. There is no single perspective that is better than another; each simply emphasizes different aspects of human behavior. Major Perspectives in Modern Psychology The early years of psychology were marked by the domination of a succession of different schools of thought. If you have ever taken a psychology course in school, you probably remember learning about these different schools which included structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism. As psychology has grown, so has the number and variety of topics that psychologists investigate. Since the early 1960s, the field of psychology has flourished and continues to grow at a rapid pace, and so has the depth and breadth of subjects studied by psychologists. Today, few psychologists identify their outlook according to a particular school of thought. While you may still find some pure behaviorists or psychoanalysts, the majority of psychologists instead categorize their work according to their specialty area and perspective. Different Approaches to the Same Topic Every topic in psychology can be looked at in a number of different ways. For example, lets consider the subject of aggression. Someone who emphasizes a biological perspective would look at how the brain and nervous system impact aggressive behavior. A professional who stresses a behavioral perspective would look at how environmental variables reinforce aggressive actions. Another psychologist who utilizes a cross-cultural approach might consider how cultural and social influences contribute to aggressive or violent behaviors. Here are seven of the major perspectives in modern psychology. 1. The Psychodynamic Perspective The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of Sigmund Freud. This view of psychology and human behavior emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behavior and to treat people suffering from mental illnesses. Psychoanalysis became one of the earliest major forces within psychology thanks to Freuds work and influence. Freud conceived of the mind as being composed of three key elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious desires. The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the real world. The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals. While the psychodynamic perspective is not as dominant today, it continues to be a useful psychotherapeutic tool.?? 2. The Behavioral Perspective Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors. Behaviorism differs from many other perspectives because instead of emphasizing internal states, it focuses solely on observable behaviors. This approach to psychology was founded on the work of psychologists such as Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson.?? While this school of thought dominated psychology early in the twentieth century, it began to lose its hold during the 1950s. Today, the behavioral perspective is still concerned with how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Behavioral principles are often applied in mental health settings, where therapists and counselors use these techniques to explain and treat a variety of illnesses. 3. The Cognitive Perspective During the 1960s, a new perspective known as cognitive psychology began to take hold. This area of psychology focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making.?? Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, this perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Cognitive psychologists often utilize an information-processing model, comparing the human mind to a computer, to conceptualize how information is acquired, processed, stored, and utilized. 4. The Biological Perspective The study of physiology played a major role in the development of psychology as a separate science. Today, this perspective is known as biological psychology. Sometimes referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology, this point of view emphasizes the physical and biological bases of behavior.?? Researchers who take a biological perspective on psychology might look at how genetics influence different behaviors or how damage to specific areas of the brain influence behavior and personality. Things like the nervous system, genetics, the brain, the immune system, and the endocrine systems are just a few of the subjects that interest biological psychologists. This perspective has grown significantly over the last few decades, especially with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human brain and nervous system. Tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans allow researchers to look at the brain under a variety of conditions. Scientists can now look at the effects of brain damage, drugs, and disease in ways that were simply not possible in the past. 5. The Cross-Cultural Perspective Cross-cultural psychology is a fairly new perspective that has grown significantly over the last twenty years. Psychologists and researchers in this school of thought look at human behavior across different cultures. By looking at these differences, we can learn more about how culture influences our thinking and behavior.?? For example, researchers have looked at how social behaviors differ in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In individualistic cultures, such as the U.S., people tend to exert less effort when they are part of a group, a phenomenon known as social loafing. In collectivistic cultures such as China, however, people tend to work harder when they are part of a group. 6. The Evolutionary Perspective Evolutionary psychology is focused on the study of how evolution explains physiological processes.?? Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection, and apply them to psychological phenomena. This perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purposeâ€"they aid in survival and reproduction.??? 7. The Humanistic Perspective During the 1950s, a school of thought known as humanistic psychology emerged. Influenced greatly by the work of prominent humanists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, this perspective emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and behavior. Concepts such as self-actualization are an essential part of this perspective. Those who take the humanist perspective focus on the ways that human beings are driven to grow, change, and develop their personal potential. Positive psychology, which focuses on helping people live happier, healthier lives, is one relatively recent movement in psychology that has its roots in the humanist perspective.?? A Word From Verywell There are many different ways to think about human thought and behavior. The variety of perspectives in modern psychology gives researchers and students tools to approach problems and helps them find new ways to explain and predict human behavior, leading to the development of new treatment approaches for problem behaviors.

Health Fitness - 612 Words

BOUTIQUE GYMS (FITNESS STUDIO’S) A NEW TREND TO HEALTH AND FITNESS †¦. What use to be an environment with one simple concept to improve fitness and health has evolved to a fitness vibe. For starters, nutrition is the key to reaching and maintaining your individual weight loss and fitness goals. What once required a proper diet has now evolved into â€Å"nourishing â€Å"your body in order for it to function properly and to its upmost potential. In doing so, millions of Americans are making their way to the versa climber. A machine reincarnated from the 80’s for the heart pounding climbing classes. Speaking of what’s old is new again there’s the treadmill for running and to jumpstart the heart even more is a mini trampoline.†¦show more content†¦If you are incorporating any of the aforementioned exercise regiments into your daily routine and are interested in tech toys. You will probably have purchased the latest tech gadget which uses the science of Telemetry (data tracking). These trendy gadgets will track your daily activity, heart rate monitors which sync up with your personalized apps. Online workouts, web based fitness, short workouts (1 hour or less) and fitness for kids just to name a few are other alternatives to the traditional gym workout. However, statistics show of 54 million, online streaming and sweating has increased up to 60% and apps 87% faster. That’s to say, boutique fitness is the fastest growing and hardest workout there is in recent years. What once was dominated by big-box gyms, the boutique trend is rapidly gaining class by itself. Personalized fitness is the way to go. According to a 2014 Health Club Consumer Report personalized fitness studios, or â€Å"boutique gyms† had profits of Twenty One billion dollars and captured twenty-one percent of the market. Fitness routines and exercises in these boutique gyms personalize fitness programs targeted towards the individuals. Workouts include the aforementioned exercise trends but can also include workouts with medicine balls, pilates and trampoline bouncing. WithShow MoreRelatedFitness And Health Centered Lifestyle1210 Words   |  5 Pages The New Year has arrived, and with it, a deluge of New Year’s resolutions. Many of these resolutions are fitness based. In fact, 27%, the majority, of all resolutions are directly related to a fitness and health centered lifestyle (statisticbrain.com). People want to start exercising, but for many of them, it is unclear where they should start. A major contributing factor to the confusion is what type of exercise program to choose. Two methods make up the majority of exercise routines, calisthenicsRead MoreHealth Fitness924 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Fitness Industry Health and Fitness are a big aspect in the world today. This industry has had an incredible amount of growth over the past 30 years. The industry first became popular in the 1970 s, with the idea that it would not always be popular. Most Americans rate their physical and emotional health as a top personal priority. This industry has two major demographic groups; The Boomers and the Gen Y generation. The main reason why the Industry has grown and is still growing isRead MoreThe Health And Fitness Epidemic Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesIt is official, the health and fitness epidemic has erupted in America. Facebook, Instagram, and other popular media applications have blown up with fitness pictures, advice, workouts, and even food recipes. Health club and fitness center locations are at an all-time high, and the number of memberships have increased with them. So, why now? Why are people so determined and focused to become healthy? Working out and eating healthy has been scientificall y proven to increase health, help lose weight,Read MorePersonal Statement On Health And Fitness1639 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and fitness has always been a big part of my life even without knowing it, but the transition changed from sport and athletics to the gym and trying to achieve what I thought was expected of me socially. After a year of lagging progress and nearly giving up I decided to give it one more shot I just needed to go after it a different way. I needed to educate myself on the process I was going to undergo to achieve my goals. So I turned to the internet, more specifically Youtube, it became myRead MoreThe Effects Of Fitness And Health On A Workplace1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Fitness and Health in a Workplace Introduction This paper discusses how health and fitness are crucial to living a happy and productive lifestyle. It includes descriptions of what exercise, nutrition, and mental health is, as well as how living a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle effects the body. A healthy lifestyle can influence one`s work and daily life as it can increase a person’s confidence, mood, creativity, attendance and efficiency. On the other hand, an unhealthy one can resultRead MoreEssay on Health and fitness related components938 Words   |  4 Pages Health and fitness related components Fitness plays a small though significant part in the success of a cricketer. There are several components of fitness that are important for success for all players. To be a successful member for a team one needs to be healthy. A state of complete mental, physical and social well-being is considered as being healthy. Mental health can be observed as the ability to concentrate on a subject for a long period of time, control emotionsRead MoreFitness Work : The Health Care Crisis820 Words   |  4 PagesFitness Work! will serve a suburban area in Melbourne ,Australia, where many of upper middle class people live. Our goal is to help them to become more productive, while lowering their overall costs with innovative wellness programs. Our business is based on two simple facts; healthy employees are more productive than chronically ill employees and it costs less to prevent injuries or illnesses than to treat them after they occur. At Fitness Work!, we tie worker productivity directly to the healthRead MoreHealth And Fitness : A Healthy And Productive Lifestyle1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This paper discusses how health and fitness are crucial to living a happy and productive lifestyle. It includes descriptions of what exercise, nutrition, and mental health is, as well as how living a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle effects the body. A healthy lifestyle can influence one`s work and daily life as it can increase a person’s confidence, mood, creativity, attendance and efficiency. On the other hand, an unhealthy one can result in issues such as fat build up, high cholesterolRead MoreIs Reliable For A Perfect Health And As A Fitness Optimizer Supplements? Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIs bioptimizer reliable for a perfect health and as a fitness optimizer supplements? Introduction We are going to learn how to biologically optimize our body. One thing that you have to understand is that it doesn’t matter what age you are, gender or fitness level. All that matters is that your body becomes healthy. It all involves taking health supplements. There is nobody who desires to be unhealthy.Bioptimizer is meant to improve how each and every cell in our body runs and operates. There areRead MoreFitness Industry General Information : Gym, Health And Fitness Club1451 Words   |  6 Pages Fitness industry general information: †¢ Gym, Health fitness club †¢ Personal Trainer service †¢ Sauna †¢ Meal and beverage Fitness industry trends: †¢ Yoga studio †¢ Technology system †¢ Clean foods delivery †¢ Mobile health applications Sources you used to find this information: †¢ articles and advertisements: Advertising on internet. Ex, Google searching fitness plan or YouTube searching fitness plan. †¢ clients and suppliers: †¢ Suppliers who can give you a useful information about diet. †¢ Ex, Client

The Effects Of Ptsd Symptoms And Relationships - 1441 Words

Effects of PTSD Symptoms and Relationships Jordyn Burns University of Minnesota Abstract Within recent years researchers have turned their attention to soldiers returning home and their intimate relationships. More specifically, researchers have looked at how a soldiers PTSD affects his/her relationship and well being. There are many symptoms of PTSD, all of which contribute to the severity of that individual’s symptoms. This paper will be a literature review of two variables that cause low satisfaction in the lives of soldiers with PTSD. The two variables are self-disclosure and avoidance. How much a soldier self-discloses about his/her experience to their significant other is directly related to their well being and severity of symptoms. Avoidance is another major determinant in the severity of PTSD symptoms. When a soldier engages in avoidance they are directly isolating themselves from certain situations, which ultimately leads to low satisfaction in many areas of life. Effects of PTSD Symptoms While In an Intimate Relationship Research has traditionally focused on the assessment and treatment of PTSD patients, while the interpersonal impact of trauma has been overlooked. A wide range of PTSD symptoms can and will affect the interpersonal lives of those diagnosed. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be characterized by clusters of psychological symptoms including: intrusive memories, emotionalShow MoreRelatedPTSD Research Paper1674 Words   |  7 PagesDisorder PTSD: A Growing Epidemic. â€Å") Anyone that has gone through a traumatic event can be diagnosed with PTSD but research shows, military men and women are more susceptible to having PTSD (PTSD: A Growing Epidemic.) And, with little help from the US, many Veterans do not get the help they need or get treated for PTSD. Military men and women begin to find their own ways to cope which can sometimes be harmful to their selves and the people around them. PTSD can affect family, relationships, and howRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Dis order ( Ptsd )1699 Words   |  7 PagesOver the recent years PTSD- post traumatic stress disorder has become a problem among veterans returning from the Afghanistan and Iraq war. Even after returning to American soils, veterans are battling with the effects of this mental illness, but who else is suffers from this illness. Family members and caregivers are also affected from PTSD. The soldier, the family member and caregivers once knew before going over sea to war is no longer the same. It can take an emotional toll on someone, whoseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesstress disorder (PTSD) is something that only occurs in veterans who have experienced war; even though that is one of the many common misconceptions people have. PTSD is actually a disorder which occurs after or during the witnessing of a traumatic event, which is usually life-threatening. Those events usually cause different levels and stages of PTSD, since it effects ea ch person differently. Even though there are some treatments to help with PTSD; they do not always work. PTSD can be triggeredRead MoreEffects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1036 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A study by Possemato, K., Pratt, A., Barrie, K., Ouimette, P (2015) that showed how PTSD affects returning veterans and the individuals in contact with them by using a method of a longitudinal study examining daily fluctuations in PTSD and alcohol use among OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom)/OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) combat veterans recruited from VA primary care Inclusion criteria consisted of combat during an OEF/OIF deployment, hazardous alcoholRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder is on the Raise Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is defined as mental health disorder triggered by a terrifying event (Mayo Clinic). This ordeal could be the result of some sort of physical harm or threat to the individual, family members, friends or even strangers (NIMH). While PTSD is typically associated with someone who has served in the military, it can affect more than just that genre of individuals. It could affect rape victims, victims in a terrorist or natural disaster incident, nurses, doctors, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of PTSD Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that occurs following a traumatic experience. PTSD happens to seven-point eight percent of Americans at some point in their lives. With women, twice as likely as men to develop. That equals out to be forty-four -point seven million people struggling with PTSD. Not only a soldier returning home from war experiences PTSD. Any person that has experienced a traumatic situation can have the potential of experiencingRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic clusters instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. Re-experiencing is the spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1386 Words   |  6 Pagescalled PTSD, is when someone witnesses or had a role in a traumatic event that leads to a mental health condition. PTSD, is very common with veterans. Statistics, effects on the brain, and effects on relationships show how much this issue desperately needs attention so help can be given to the soldiers. It is suggested that the number of Iraq and Afghanistan soldiers that have PTSD is much higher estimated. â€Å"According to RAND, at least 20% of Iraq and Afghanistan soldiers have PTSD and/orRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder (PTSD). There is a great deal of research which analyzes this relationship. There are many elements that serve as contributing factors to the correlation between suicide and PTSD. PTSD-related suicide among soldiers is due to a number of intervening aspects including combat exposure, moral injury, self-forgiveness, social support, and traumatic brain injury.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Regarding military personnel, it appears that being exposed to combat is a factor that may contribute to PTSD symptoms and thereforeRead MoreEssay about The Effects of PTSD on Families918 Words   |  4 PagesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops after a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm. The person who develops PTSD may have been the one who was harmed or the person may have witnessed a harmful event that happened to loved ones or strangers. PTSD is defined as mental health disorder triggered by a terrifying event (Mayoclinic). This ordeal could be the result of some sort of physical harm or threat to the individual, family members, friends or even

Online Education vs. Traditional Education Free Essays

While most believe online education is easy as the student is just sitting in front of the computer, attending class online is more challenging than attending class in a classroom because requires time management skills and requires self-discipline. Attending college online requires the college student to have excellent time management skills. The majority of online students have responsibilities other than attending school. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Education vs. Traditional Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Usually this is why the decision to attend school online is made. The online student must be able to balance school, work, and a family. Attending school at a traditional school is not as flexible as the time schedule is set in place and the student must arrange their schedule around school, work, and family. Online education allows more flexibility in the online class schedule. However, proper management must be maintained in order to balance all of the responsibilities and be successful in all areas. â€Å"Not only do students need to monitor their progress in an ongoing fashion and adjust their strategies for learning based on their progress, they also need to maintain a time management schedule in order to complete online learning activities in the allotted timeframes. (Orellana, Hudgins, Simonson, 2009, p. 470). The online student must be able to continue to work full-time and take care of family. All of these things must be done including attending school. Adding online education to the list of responsibility may assist the online student becomes well organized. An online student can possibly check-in the onli ne classroom during lunchtime while at work. Homework assignments can be done during â€Å"homework hour† at home with the children. In order to be successful attending school online, the online college student must practice self-discipline. In a traditional classroom, the student the instructor holds the student accountable for all assignments and participation in class. While the same applies for the online college student, accountability is the student. There will not be a â€Å"reminder† from the instructor on a daily basis whether the student is participating in the discussion group or if the student has completed an assignment. Online learning can be more convenient, effective and rewarding than traditional classes, but convenience doesn’t mean it’s easier,† says Gwen Hillesheim, interim chief academic officer and provost of Colorado Technical University, a leading provider of education for career-motivated students. â€Å"Successful online students need to be proactive in their studies and take responsibility for their own learning. It takes self-discipline and time management to do your best. But when the student is engaged, the learning can be significant and the experience fulfilling. ARA, (2010, November 3, Creston News Advertiser). Online students must comply with the University participation requirements in order to succeed. Self-discipline is required as it is solely up to the student to log in each day and participate in class. Unlike traditional classrooms where the schedule is set and students are reminded by staff daily to participate; the University notifies online students that do not make the required participation requirements after they have failed to do so. Most individuals that opt to attend school online are returning to school to complete a college degree. Usually this option is chosen due to work schedule as well as time with the family. Online education is not for everyone as it takes great discipline and maturity in order to be a successful online student. â€Å"At the same time, online education is not for everyone — you have to have a certain level of maturity and self-motivation, since you have to juggle coursework with job and family responsibilities. It demands a great deal of individualized work and you have to manage your schedule to meet class requirements rather than attend at a specific time of the week. â€Å"Michele Smolik, Director of Instructional Technology at Columbia College. Traditional students usually are not full-time employees. A person attending a University on campus is usually either taking one class or a full-time student working a part-time job. Online education allows an individual to maintain a full-time job however in order to qualify as a full-time student two classes are taken at a time. Traditional students attending class on campus have the advantage of accessing the instructor during class instruction if a question should arise. Online students must communicate with instructors via email or by utilizing the message board located on the student portal. This type of learning is not the right choice for everyone as some need individual instruction. Some argue that online students are â€Å"teaching† themselves, as there is no verbal instruction from an instructor. At most online universities instruction is given weekly during the discussion group forum by the instructor. The online student must make it a responsibility to participate in weekly discussion forums as well as keep up with weekly readings. Students that delay themselves in participating in the discussion group usually maintain a low grade. All of this is vital in order to be a successful online student. Assignments for class are usually due weekly and due at the end of the week. Students must submit the assignment via the class portal. It is imperative that the student have the correct software in order to submit the assignment as it is the student’s responsibility that the assignment is submitted on time with no exceptions. This is not an issue for traditional students as instructors are able to accept assignments in person from students. Essays and other assignments can be submitted by hard copy, which eliminates the concern of computer complications or the non-compatibility of software with the University. Online education has been debated throughout the years of its brief existence however most will agree that it is much more challenging than traditional education. Attending school is challenging whether in a traditional classroom setting or attending school online as responsibility is the main factor. However, as an online student it is imperative to be organized, responsible, and maintain strict discipline in order to be a successful online student. These factors make attending school online much more difficult as it is magnified much more. How to cite Online Education vs. Traditional Education, Papers

Watergate Scandal Essays - Watergate Scandal,

Watergate Scandal THE WATERGATE SCANDAL Watergate is a hotel in Washington D.C. where the Democratic National Committee held their campaign headquarters. The current president at the time was Richard M. Nixon, who was involved in the scandal himself and which lead to the cause of his resignation. The Watergate scandal should not have happened, but it did and it caused the American people to judge less of their government system. The scandal began on June 17, 1972, with the arrest of five men who were caught in the offices of the Democrat's campaign headquarters. Their arrest uncovered a White House sponsored plan of espionage against the political opponents and a trail of intrigue that led to some of the highest officials in the land. The officials involved in the Watergate scandal were former U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldman, White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs John Ehrlichman, and President Nixon. On April 30, 1973, nearly one year after a grand jury investigation of the burglary and arrest of the people involved, President Nixon accepted the resignation of Haldeman and Ehrlichman and announced the dismissal of John Dean. Furthermore, U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resigned as well shifting the position to the new attorney general, Elliot Richardson. However, Elliot Richardson decided to put Harvard Law School professor Archibald Cox in charge of conducting a full-scale investigation of the Watergate break-in. Hearings were opened in May of 1973 by the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities with Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina as the chairman. Suddenly, a series of startling revelations began as Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered the break-in and that a major attempt was under way to hide White House involvement. Dean also claimed that President Nixon had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration denied any involvement in the scandal, but the testimony of White House aide Alexander Butterfield exposed Nixon and unlocked the entire investigation. On July 16, 1973, Butterfield told the committee, on nationwide television, that President Nixon had ordered a taping system to be installed in the White House to automatically record all conversations. With this what Nixon had said and when he had said it was on the tapes and these tapes could verify everything. Cox immediately exposed eight relevant tapes to the court to confirm Dean's testimony. Nixon refused to release the tapes, claiming that they were vital to the national security. Therefore, U.S. District Court Judge John Sirica ruled that President Nixon must give the tapes to Cox, and an appeals court upheld the decision. Nixon still refused to turn over the tapes and on Saturday, October 20, 1973, ordered Richardson to dismiss Cox. Richardson refused and resigned instead, as did Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Finally, the solicitor general discharged Cox. Suddenly, a storm of public protest occurred, thus leading to the ?Saturday Night Massacre.? Nixon, in his defense, appointed another special prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, a Texas lawyer, and gave the tapes to Sirica. Unfortunately, some of the conversations were missing from the tapes and one tape had a mysterious gap of eighteen and a half minutes. Experts determined that the gap was the result of five separate erasures. Nevertheless, on March 1974, a grand jury indicated Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and four other White House officials for their part in the Watergate cover-up and named President Nixon as an ?unindicated co-conspirator.? In the following month Jaworski requested and Nixon released written transcripts of forty-two more tapes. The conversations revealed an overwhelming concern with punishing political opponents and denied the Watergate investigation. On May 1974, Jaworski requested sixty-four more tapes as evidence in the criminal cases against the indicted officials. Nixon refused to turn over the tapes and on July 24, 1974, the Supreme Court voted 8-0 that Nixon must turn over the tapes. Thus, on July 29 and 30, 1974, the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment, charging Nixon with misusing power in order to violate the constitutional rights of U.S. citizens, obstructing justice in the Watergate affair, and defying Judiciary Committee orders. Then on August 5, 1974, three tapes revealed that Nixon had, on June 23, 1972,

Lebenseborn essays

Lebenseborn essays The topic of eugenics cannot be discussed without encountering the Holocaust, but this is as it should be. When contemporary geneticists, genetics counselors and clinical geneticists wonder why it is that genetics receives special attention from those concerned with ethics, the answer is simple and can be found in history. The events which led to the sterilization, torture and murder of millions of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and children of mixed racial heritage in the years just before and during the era of the Third Reich in Germany were rooted firmly in the science of genetics (Muller-Hill, 1988). Rooted not in fringe, lunatic science but in the mainstream of reputable genetics in what was indisputably the most advanced scientific and technological society of its day. The pursuit of genetic purity in the name of public health led directly to Dachau, Treblinka, Ravensbruck and Auschwitz. As early as 1931 influential geneticists such as Fritz Lenz were referring to National Socialism as "applied biology" in their textbooks (Caplan, 1992). As difficult as it is for many contemporary scientists to accept (Caplan, 1992; Kater, 1992), mainstream science provided a good deal of enthusiastic scientific support for the virulent racism that fueled the killing machine of the Third Reich. When the Nazis came to power they were obsessed with securing the racial purity of the German people. The medical and biomedical communities in Germany not only endorsed this concern with "negative eugenics," they had fostered it. Racial hygiene swept through German biology, public health, medicine and anthropology in the 1920s and 1930s, long before the Nazis came to power (Weiss, 1987, Muller-Hill, 1988; Proctor, 1988; Kater, 1992). Many in the medical profession urged the Nazi leadership to undertake social policies that might lead to enhancing or increasing the genetic fitness of the German people (Kater, 1992). Eugenics consumed the German med...

A Google HR Chief Shares The Secrets to Getting Promoted

A Google HR Chief Shares The Secrets to Getting Promoted While there’s no one set way to guarantee you’ll get promoted, there are a few strategies that seem to work much better than others- even across a range of industries. Here are a former Google HR chief’s top 5  tips. 1. Get constant feedbackDon’t be a pest, but do constantly ask your boss what you would need to demonstrate to her to advance. Or, even more subtly, what she values most in a truly trusted employee. Then do that. Exactly that. Get in the habit of naturally, casually asking for feedback after meetings or presentations (â€Å"How’d that go?† â€Å"Anything I could have improved?†). Check in and ask periodically what skills you should be accumulating or developing.2.  Be the office problem solverThe first thing you need to do to be in good standing for a promotion is to earn the trust and confidence of your boss and the company at large. Do this by assessing, first and foremost, your boss’s biggest crisis or concer n, and set about solving it for them. Once you prove that you can listen carefully and pick out the most important priority and square it away, you’ll be well on your way.3.  Think in the long termYou should always be thinking three to five moves ahead, both of your colleagues and your boss. Make yourself a 5, 10, 25 year plan and start to map your progress to meeting your longest term goals- now. This way, you will continually generate new opportunities for yourself. Invest in your skills and career- even in unorthodox or sideways ventures. You never know when you’ll hit the magic alchemy to catapult yourself to the top.4. ASK!You’ll very rarely get a promotion if you don’t assert yourself as wanting one. This is particularly a problem for women, who nominate themselves far less frequently for advancement. Regardless of who is doing the promoting- your boss or a committee who hardly knows you or your work- be sure to put your name in every chance you g et. And ask your boss to help support you in moving forward.5.  Have a strong sense of realityIf you’re facing a ceiling- glass or any other kind, accept reality and figure out a smarter move. Say your boss’s job is the logical next step for you in your career path; if she’s not going anywhere, neither are you. Consider lateral moves to different departments, or even different companies, to give yourself the room to grow. If you’re not being recognized in a way you know you should be, move on. Always be willing to accept a difficult reality and pivot yourself to a solution.

Mergers and Acquisitions as a Strategic Mean of Creating Value and Essay

Mergers and Acquisitions as a Strategic Mean of Creating Value and Maximizing Shareholder Wealth - Essay Example An Overview of Mergers and Acquisitions DePamphilis (2008 pp-04-06) defined mergers and acquisitions as a part of corporate and management strategies dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different organsiations having similar business activities or activities that can support the present and future growth and development in a systematic manner. Over the years, the distinction between mergers and acquisitions has become quite blurred in respect to economic outcomes but continues to attract organisations (Cartwright, Schoenberg, (2006 pp. 11-14). Studies have shown that 50% of acquisitions have been unsuccessful considering the complex process and different dimensions associated with the actual outcomes (Straub, 2007). Lazonick, O'Sullivan, (2008 pp-24-27) stated that the rationale behind mergers and acquisitions is based on the thought that two companies together can be more valuable and robust compared to two different companies. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions help i n attaining cost efficiency by sharing operational and functional costs along with thriving to achieve greater market share and efficiency in a planned way (Harwood, 2006 pp- 24-35) Relevant Theories Mergers and acquisitions can be linked with various relevant theories. ... behave and operate in a manner that leads to the creation of an identity that helps in the growth and development (Postmes, Branscombe, 2010 pp- 11-23). Mergers and acquisitions help in creating new identity for smaller organisations while helping in revamping the identity of large organsiations (Akerlof, Kranton.2010 pp- 04-11) Role Conflict Theory is based on the perception that individuals and organsiations experience role conflict by finding themselves pulled in various directions as per the status held by them (Tang, Chang, 2010 pp-13-21). Hitt, et al, (2009 pp-12-23) stated that mergers and acquisitions help in creating synergies between organisations that in turn help in enhancing the worth and value of organsiations. However, Straub (2007 pp-03-11) stated that value creation and wealth maximisation is dependent on the nature and relationships of organsiations. It can be said that both views are directed towards a positive relationship creating synergy and wealth maximisation but dependent on internal and external factors. Value destroying theory states that mergers and acquisitions fail because firms fail to address informational constraints and focus too much on private utility function that affects the overall value creation process of organsiations (Malmendier, Tate, 2005 pp- 24-32). Straub (2007 pp -23-45) also agreed to this statement and stated that mergers and acquisitions require proper assessment of internal and external factors to create value in the business environment. All these theories can be associated with other relevant theories such as SWOT, PESTEL, and Game Theory. Armstrong (2006 pp-24-34) stated that SWOT analysis is based on analysing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of individuals and organsiations. Strengths and

Implementing international accounting standards Essay

Implementing international accounting standards - Essay Example "As markets converge and geographical borders no longer present the same trade barriers increasingly there is a need for globally accepted accounting standards. Business needs them, investors are demanding them and accountants are under an obligation to ensure delivery." Here the need for their implementation in the view of the largest professional body of accountants in the UK is expressed as being primarily for the progression of trade, as recent technological advancements in technology has resulted in a break down of previous trade barriers and we are now expected to compete in a world market. Groom (2001), saw the importance of international standards as being a key part of his 5 legged stool of trust, ensuring that investors in capital markets retain confidence and invest. This confidence has become core to the survival of these markets, especially in the light of recent high profile collapses such as Enron in the US and One.Tel in Australia. Since the 2002 decision of the EU the interest in the implications of IAS's and their implementation, along with their costs and benefits, has risen. The core of this debate and the ultimate benefit of International standards to the UK as a whole will be discussed in the remainder of this text with specific focus upon the benefits and costs to both quoted and non-quoted companies. Currently there is significant concern in the UK that there... It is this lack of awareness which is likely to cause considerable increases to costs required to implement the standards when the ASB does converge, as this is no small task and requires a planned strategy.It is hard to actually assess the cost which has already been incurred by listed companies since the 1st of January implementation date, as a full year of trading has not quite been completed and therefore there has been limited analysis as yet, therefore the bulk of this analysis has to be based upon theories and analyses undertaken before implementation in the EU and is therefore, to some extent theoretical. The costs of implementing these standards have been widely discussed and most of these will affect both quoted and non-quoted companies, however they will differ in their extent. The bulk of these costs will be incurred in the education of the users of these financial statements; any stakeholder of the business for which the financial statements are being prepared, will be effected to some extent, and will need to be educated in order for the company to survive the change. Stakeholders are extremely influential and include banks and lenders, auditors and shareholders, a business needs to educate these people on the change and its impact upon their financial statements, and in this education other costs will be incurred. Gerhardy points out that banks and lenders will require reclassification of debt and equity, leading to dividend payout issues, and the reclassification of debts will lead to renegotiation costs with lenders, this will lead to strategy issues and a need for good communication of the effects IFRS will have on business with the shareholders, all of which will result in significant cost to all

Effect of SHRM on Mergers and Acquisitions

Effect of SHRM on Mergers and Acquisitions IS STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR MERGER AND ACQUISITION PROCESS, IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND EFFICIENCY? Introduction First chapter of my dissertation will talk about the back ground of the proposed dissertation topic. This back ground discussion will lead our focus to the actual problem area. As the main actors of my discussion are human so the related topics back ground, like HRM, strategic HRM, and integration of SHRM with overall business strategy and the new role of SHRM especially in the process of mergers and acquisitions, will be focused. Later discussion will focus on aims and objectives of my research and will also explain the dissertation structure. Background Business world is so dynamic especially in current era when organizations face lot more complicated challenges and strict competitions. To cope with new challenges, organizations employee new management tools, methods and philosophies. These tools and philosophies help management in gaining competitive advantage to survive in the business world. Among these philosophies, strategic HRM is one, which helps businesses to survive and gain competitive advantage in current dynamic environments. To learn more about the role of Strategic HRM, first we need to know what strategic human resource management actually means, as we know till that point that this a management philosophy helping organizations in facing new challenges in ever changing environment. The concept of Human resource management is not new. It is on the business horizon from last 100 years discussed and debated in different forms, shapes and names but the actual human resource management can actually be traced back in 1960s when the importance of employer and employee relationship was more focused. Improved education and skills actually developed the concept of Human resource management over the years. This development took a new turn when in 1980s HRM became the integral part of business strategy and was named as strategic human resource management. That field of business management is actively involved in all business decision and plans related to relations of employee and organization. The involvement of SHRM in restructuring and developing organization can be seen in the shape of different tools and methods adopted by organization like decentralize decision making, flattened hierarchies, training etc. This involvement is much needed during Merger and acquisitions process where SHRM can help this process in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. To allocate resources accurately ,like employing right people with right skills and knowledge, organizations need to bring in the SHRM at the time of strategy development not at middle or later stages. Introducing SHRM at start of strategy making will help organizations to achieve their goals and objectives of proposed merger or acquisition. Organizations need to manage their human resources very systematically and strategically to gain competitive advantage. SHRM provides organizations an opportunity to align and integrate peoples resources with strategic management. This integration and alignment will ensure that right people, working on right places with right tool, implementing right policies to gain overall goals and objectives of the organization. The popularity of SHRM is growing day by day as an effective tool to do effective business. In this growing popularity human resources are treated as the available talents and energies of people who are available to an organization as potential contributors to the creation and realization of the organizations mission, vision, strategy, goals and objectives which helps organizations in order to improve the business performance. Jackson and Schuler (2000) My research dissertation will try to establish a link between SHRM being an effective tool in MAs process in terms of a knowledge, skills and efficiency contributor. This link can be seen in the statement given by Narasimha,S. (2000) as Strategic HRM take a different colour when we view them as contributing to organizational knowledge stocks. So it is apparent that SHRM is capable of doing much more than the traditional HR in achieving business goals and objectives. Reason to Choose This Dissertation Topic As my dissertation revolves around SHRM so the main reason of choosing this topic is to establish a link in between organizational development and the role of SHRM. My focus would be the areas where SHRM can play a critical role in developing organizations especially when organizations decide to acquire or merge with some other organizations for number of reasons like to increase the share holders value, expansions , strategic alliances, access to new markets, elimination of competition etc. Usually organizations face swerve problems when they go through these MAs processes, so my main aim is to focus on what should have been done in advance of this process, during and after the process to make such deals successful. Top management plans, middle level management execute the plans and general employees do what they asked to do, to ensure the success of business plans. In my dissertation I will focus on how SHRM approaches and models can be effectively implemented and executed and how these models maintain the consistency in achieving business goals and objective not only today but in future as well. Another area of my focus would be provision of knowledge and skills by SHRM to the organizations, efficiently. These are new tools and techniques that can have a great effect in the times of mergers and acquisitions and require active involvement of both sides to achieve set goals. Another field in which I would be looking into to establish my research is performance management. My research will try to identify the Importance and criticalness of implementation of this system into the organization as this implementation is not easy as claimed by Elaine, D. P. (2009, Pg.3) Performance management is known as the Achilles Heel of human capital management, and it is the most difficult HR system to implement in organization. This system is all about defining, assessing and refining the work outcomes and attitude of employees. This effective system of performance management should give organization a leading edge as compare to their rivals. There are other related issues which need to be addressed like maintaining quality of services with the help of emerging techniques and strategies. Quality in service can be attained by training and development of the employees. Besides that they need good salary and good designations, which can lead employees towards better performance. SHRM have capabilities to address this issue in very systematic way. Organizations always goes through different phases and some time they need to even face situations like redundancies, re-structuring and some time even closures of businesses. But on the other hand organizations establish strategic alliances and mergers to grow. In this situation HR mangers have to address issues like relocation, new designations, changing nature of job duties, obstacle is changing culture and arranging new training and development programmes. The most sensitive amongst is cultural change which can have really bad effects on business success if not addressed properly. To address this problem area, SHRM can provide solutions like recruiting right people with right talent, knowledge and skill. Actually it is HRMs strategic approach which can motivate employees for quality of work and development of company by designing most appropriate HR policies. If some one wants to know the working environment and culture of an organization then he should study it HR policies. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim and objective of my dissertation is to find out how strategic human resource management (SHRM) can play a vital role in terms of knowledge , skills and efficiency during and after mergers and acquisitions (MAs) process. How the integration of strategic management ( SM ) with human resource management (HRM) can improve and maintain the competitiveness of future preferences of the organizations, especially MAs. How useful it could be if we use SHRM as a tool in MAs process to benefit the knowledge, skills and efficiency much needed in this process. If we look at the dimensions of human resource management (HRM) , two type of dimensions are more apparent, Functional and strategic. Operational issues come under functional HRM and overall company progress and performance is linked with strategic HRM. Majority of Managers involved in MAs are always confused of understanding and implementing the strategy which has been developed over the time. SHRM will focus on the strategy and planning of human resource requirements which are needed on a certain period of time and will ease the difficulties of mangers especially in MAs. This approach will focus on the number of personnel needed along with the behaviour and attitude which can produce best results. This integration will eventually increase the effectiveness of organization in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. The study on this subject provides the information that 80 percent of acquisitions were not gone through well or total failure. How can this commonly practiced business strategy end in complete disaster? Can involvement of SHRM can provide sufficient knowledge, skills and efficiency that such disasters in MAs can be avoided. Even 80 percent of such deals end up in disasters; still such MAs are taking place everyday. There are many reasons of these failures, the most important amongst them is little or poor human side involvement especially strategic human resource management. When two firms merge or one big firm acquire the small one, actually the two different working cultures come side by side. The new culture may be the totally a new one or may be part from one firm and part from other merged firm. Bothe higher managements and middle level managements have different level of skills, knowledge and expertise. Most of the mergers fail when these two different cultures collide. My research will identify that can strategic human resource management provide such assistance which can manage the human side of MAs in most effective way that it can provide knowledge, skills and efficiency to the process. LITRATURE REVIEW Introduction To conduct my research I need to take a deep dip into the pool of related information. The information which will provide the base for my research and will give me a deep insight of the work already done on this or related problem area. The information which would be reviewed in this section of my research will come through books, articles, journals and critical reviews. Mergers and acquisitions are very common and favourite mode of restructuring and growth as stated by Andrew and Milledge ( 2006, pg.2 ) According to him, 1980s was the era when almost half of the U.S. businesses restructured themselves. In this wave of restructuring, more than 80,000 companies engaged in merger of acquisition. The extent of popularity of this practice can be imagined with this but most of the mergers and acquisitions were totally or partly flopped due to one or other reason. Why such a huge activity is not well planned, why most of the mergers and acquisitions ends up in disasters. Is there something wrong with the finance side or poor management is the cause of this failure or may be human side of involvement in the process has been neglected. My research will encompass that how an effective human side of involvement in the process can get better results in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. The basic aim of this research is to find out various views, ideas and concepts of mergers and acquisitions, causes of their failures especially when strategic human resource management is not actively involved in the process. Along with, the research will review all the SHRM models and their critics, their role in mergers and acquisitions process and how SHRM can provide knowledge, skills and efficiency in the process. As vast data is available on the issue so the research would be narrow down into few headings as below. What is merger and Acquisition? Need of mergers and acquisitions. Main causes of failure of MAs. What is Strategic human resource management? Different approaches and models of Strategic HRM How SHRM can be an effective tool in MAs process in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. What is merger and Acquisition? Most of the businesses are bound with one sold principle, either they have to grow or leave the market. Growth ensures returns to shareholders, generate profits and gets market share from competitors. On the other hand the businesses without growth lose their market share, lose customers and ultimately they disappear from the market leaving great losses for the shareholders. Mergers and acquisitions actually play a very significant role in strengthening the companies or in case of weak business or entrepreneurs, provide chance to avoid exclusion from the businesses as quickly swallowed by the strong business. MAs are very important for a balanced and healthy economy. Corporate history have seen different roles played by MAs, like greed is good role, when corporate businesses buying companies in hostile environment and destroying them and todays fresh trends in which MA take place for growth and competitive advantage. Since mid 2004 this activity is mostly based on macroeconomic needs of recovery. (Sherman, et al (2005 ) Merger When two companies or businesses combine in to one unit, its called merger in which only one company survive and the merged company comes to an end only to exist. The surviving company or business is called acquirer which gets all the assets along with all liabilities. Usually in this process large companies are always acquirer or buyers and smaller companies are target but some time businesses with same size and capabilities, both try to cease to exist and they form a new company. Though these mergers take place with mutual agreements, still merger statistics are treating large companies as buyer and smaller as target. (Gaughan, Patrick A. (2005) J. Reuvid (2007) describes merger as a transaction in which both companies agrees to combine and form a new business entity which will issue new shares and on the other hand cancelling all the old individually issued shares. Mergers usually give an impression of equal share of both parties involved in the merger but quite often one company actually enjoys dominance in term of equity and majority in board of directors. Usually big businesses are predator and smaller ones are known as victim in all most all transitions. Mergers can face three kinds of scenarios or situations which are beautifully explained by Weston, J.Fred (2001) in his book Mergers and Acquisitions. According to W.J.Fred the first category is synergy or efficiency in which the efficiency level with combined operation is greater than the sum of efficiencies produced by these two businesses individually. The second category points out the situation when bidders overpay due to Hubris and the value of business remain unchanged. Third category talks about the situation when total value of business is decreased due to mistakes made by mangers or agencies. All these three situations lead the business towards new directions. Acquisition Mergers and acquisitions are the terms usually used simultaneously. In mergers two companies join together to do business under single business entity but in acquisition, business purchases the other business entity as whole or part of it as explained by Sherman, Andrew J. et al (2005). They claim that companies do it for many reasons like in 2005 Proctor Gamble acquired Gillette company, Inc. to expand its access to consumer products and some companies acquire other businesses to get access to foreign markets. Usually acquisitions occur to obtain financial or strategic goals. Stanley F, Reed ( 2007 ) defines acquisition as a process by which assets or stocks or both of an organization or business are bought by other organization or business. After acquisitions the buyer becomes the owner of stocks and assets and the target or acquired company lose their ownership. Its kind of generic term which explains the transfer of ownership. Its more common then mergers as theres no occurrence of successive mergers. Need of Mergers and Acquisitions Why businesses engage in mergers and acquisitions, what are the main reasons, what are the forces working behind this activity which been very popular in last 2 decades? For almost all businesses the ultimate objective is maximizing profit. Keeping in mind this objective studies shows that traditionally there are two causes of why businesses go for mergers and acquisitions. First one is financial in which prime objective is increasing the share holders value and second one is based on managerial motive which focuses on knowledge, growth, sale, performance etc. Studies on this subject shows number of reason behind these MAs and the factors involved behind this activity, all will be analysed from various perspective. MAs are borderless as explained by Sturgess, B. ( 1989 ) in Booming International Mergers and acquisition . Sturgess describe that mergers and acquisitions can be of local nature or it can go across borders. He explains that local firms can go abroad to acquire foreign businesses or foreign businesses who merge or acquire domestic business. These MAs can provide short term finances to companies as described by Fluck and lynch (1999). If the firm is unable to finance profitable projects due to one or other reasons they go for MAs to acquire these funds required to finance the big project which will eventually increase shareholders value. The managerial motives under which mangers try to increase their powers or gains and address other issues like maximizing growth, increasing sale volume etc has been explained by Napier, N.K et al (1989) in Communication during mergers: the experience of two banks very elaborately. Apart from the traditional motives the academic, researchers and other people involved in this process has begun to think other reasons and causes of MAs brought in by the rapid changes in the business over the time. One of them is Angwin (2001) who states that the firms go for MAs to avoid the fear of being taken over or being destroyed by other large firms. To exist they simply want to be merged or acquired by other firms where they can remain operational and in the market. The other reason what he describes is as public motive in which companies merge or been acquired to increase the performance and shareholders value which allow them to gain all competitive advantages to remain active in the todays competitive markets. Some time companies reach to their maturity with becoming more bureaucratic, leaving fewer opportunities for the individuals. According to Lenvinson (1970) MA can help such companies by bringing new ideas, enriched working culture, attitude and fresh knowledge. If such companies will not address there obsolescence on time then they will lose their competitiveness and soon will vanish from the market. Vermeulen and Barkema (2001) also claim that MA can be very helpful in bringing up up-to-date knowledge and techniques in the businesses to survive in the market in long run. The new knowledge can be of in different field of operation in which company is not engaged yet but in near future this might be the key knowledge in surviving in business world. All the causes and reasons behind merger and acquisitions can be categorised into seven heads and are known as theories of mergers and acquisitions. These theories can be easily understandable with the help of a diagram as below and can explain the facts which are active behind almost all MAs. Efficiency theory explains mergers as the way of getting synergies into three main heads which are financial, managerial and operational. For example if we look into the financial head then we consider that the financial efficiency after merger should be greater than the sum of individual financial efficiencies. But this theory has been criticised by Montgomery and Sing ( 1984 ). They claims that in any efficient capital market such synergies like financial synergy cannot be achieved then how businesses can go for mergers only on this ground. According to monopoly theory the businesses go for mergers and acquisitions to improve and increase the competitiveness but this competitiveness may not be achieved as criticised by Revenscraft and Scherer (1987). He claims that the monopoly theory is comparatively weaker than efficiency theory due to the unfavourable results on businesses. According to Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) Raider theory is basically a form of acquisition in which a takeover bid is made to gain the control of shares. Theoretically its not a complex theory as frequently cited in business literature claimed by Thomas Straub ( 2007 ) in Reasons for frequent failure in mergers and acquisitions. He states that this form of MAs is regarded as peoples outcome in which these peoples or raiders attempt to get some of the wealth of shareholders for which they have made bid. Next comes the valuation theory In which Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) claims that mergers and acquisitions are carried out by top management, the people who have more accurate and true information about the real value of the business. This information is more authentic than the information taken from the investment or stock market. According to the empire building theory the managers are more concerned to maximize their use and thats the only aim in their mind and thats why they plan a merger or acquisition. The process theory try to explain mergers and acquisitions as the result of decision made by the management which may not be rational as management did not considered the alternatives and have not done any deep analysis. Without a deep and thorough analysis management cant reach on a decision of that critical nature. The economic disturbances like recent credit crunches actually modify and reshape the behaviours and expectations of individual, individual who made the decision of mergers ad acquisitions. So with the change of economic environment many firms go for alternatives and amongst these alternatives MAs is more popular thats why the business engage in this critical manoeuvre. Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) Main causes of failure of MAs Most of the researches and reports shows that almost 60% MAs end up in disaster. There are plenty of reasons of these failures and some are explained by Robert F. Bruner ( 2009) in his books Deals from Hell: MA Lessons that Rise Above the Ashes. He summed up these reasons in six main heads. People involved in these deals were unable to take quick and prompt decisions and actions as they were unable to clearly understand whats happening. The reason of there confusion is that the deals are so complicated and shows a blurry picture. Problems of one department or area would travel to other parts of business as flexibility was at its lower level. Problems were not cordoned off and it effects the whole environment. Some weak decisions and choices were made by management which exposed the risks of the emerged firm. Te new firms cant avoid exposed risks which caused a failure. These choices or decisions were either deliberately or mistakenly made. The decision makers were prejudiced by the pasts successes, cost effectiveness, over optimism and pride which led them towards wrong choice or activity. Companies were not doing businesses as usual. Errors and problems were common and business environments were lacking of something of important nature. The operational teams collapsed or became ineffective. The reasons behind this collapse or ineffectiveness were existence of different working culture of acquirer and target, problem related to political issues and to much stress on operational team individuals. All these problems broke down the operational teams which resulted in failure. On the other hand Gerhard, P ( 2002 ) claims that the main factor of failure of MA transactions are overestimates of revenue , cost synergies and post-transaction integration efforts which are too slow and having low capacities and are not aggressive enough to address these areas effectively. He explains that these causes are the main problem with MAs which leads these transaction in disaster or some time in total failure. What is Strategic human resource management.(HRM) The concept of HRM was developed in USA in 1960s and 1970s with initial academic work done by different authors and then it spread around the world and been adopted by almost all organizations around the world. Brewster (1994, pg.1) The concept of Strategic human resource management or SHRM can be traced back in in1980s and has been distinguished from traditional personnel by virtue of the way in which the former ignored , but the later embraces strategy Guest (1993, Pg.213). This integration of strategy make it distinctive from all personnel management forms as concluded by Purcell ( 2001, Pg.59) In following words. The integration with strategy is central to all models of HRM and virtually all authors are agreed that this is the distinctive feature of HRM, compared with personnel. Under this concept the HR strategies are integrated with business strategies to achieve the organizational goals. Under this integration, the strategies developed and implemented, lead the organizations t o achieve the set goals and objectives very effectively. Its a conceptual approach, in which strategists find an ideal point where in long run human resources should be and how to get there. It also explains how a more strategic approach can be adopted by the members of HR on daily basis to monitor that the HR strategies are assisting overall business strategy and they are adding value in it. Armstrong, M ( 2008 ) Earlier concept of SHRM was developed from the two models presented by Harved Business School in 1980 in which business strategy has been integrated in HRM. These two models are known as Harved Matching Model and Harved Framework Model. This was the first time when Mission, Organisation Strategy and HRM were identified as the key player in the success of business. Later on these key players were integrated together to give the right tack to an organisation which leads towards success, effectiveness and competiveness. (Jain, P. (2005) The activities which directly or indirectly influence the individuals behaviour to formulate and implement strategically, what ever business needs. As it is a conceptual framework in which individuals are directed strategically to achieve the set goals in most effective way. Schuler R. S (1992) defines SHRM as all the activities affecting the individuals behaviour in an attempt to develop and put into the practice the strategic requirements of the organisation. This academic Schuler, R.S et al ( 2001 .pg 127 ) further explains that by strategic we mean that HR activities should be systematically designed and intentionally linked to an analysis of the business and its context. Its a combination of two concepts, HRM and strategy. HRM models are used by focusing on strategy and these models are integrated with businesss overall strategy as explained by Armstrong, M ( 2006 ) in his Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. This concept deals with the key philosophies of strategy like strategic intent, competitive advantage, strategic fit and strategic capability etc. He further explains that Strategic HRM is an approach which leads businesses to formulate and implement policies, programmes and practices related to employment relationship, resourcing, performance management, reward etc. These policies and decisions are made on the overall intentions and plans of organization. Some academic claims that HRM and strategic HRM are almost identical concepts as Mathis Jackson (1985 Pg.3-4 ) define HRM as the strategic planning and management of human resources for an organizationHRM is more broadly focused and strategic in nature. Four meanings of strategic HRM has been described by Hendry and Pettigrew (1986 ) as The use of planning , A rational way to the design and management of personnel systems which are based on an employment policy and human strategy along with philosophy. HRM activities are matched with overall organisational strategy. To achieve competitive advantage ,human resources are viewed as strategic resources The definitions and statements which explain SHRM, given by different authors and researchers, clearly shows the growing need and importance of strategic HRM in business world. Day by day businesses world is becoming more complex and competitive and strategic HRM can play a vital role in ensuring competitiveness as Jain, P ( 2005 ) claims that today the human resources are viewed as the potential contributors in the achievement of organizational goals with the help of available energies and talent these people have. These resources should have four qualities to maintain their competitiveness as suggested by Boxhall, (1996). These suggested qualities are That they must increase the value of activities. Rarity and uniqueness must be established. Hard to copy And hard to be replaced by other alternatives like technology. The people are the assets to the organizations and these assets should be used strategically to achieve competitive advantage and business goals and objectives in long run. Strategic HRM addresss some of the critical issues in organizations which deal with the change in culture, structure and knowledge management and how it can be used effectively. Theses changes can increase the organizational effectiveness and performance. It provides efficient way of matching activities and resources to the future requirement of the organization. It Guides how peoples skills and abilities can be developed over the time and how the change can be managed. Human capital requirements and development of process capabilities are focused under strategic HRM. Different approaches and models of Strategic HRM Human resources play a critical role in the successful achievement of goals and objectives of an organization. The vital importance of managing human resource and strategically deploying these resources can be well understood by the statement of the Managing Director of British Chrome and steel in 1998. He stated that There is no other source of competitive advantage! Others can copy our investment, technology and scale but NOT the quality of our people. Steve, B. ( 2000 ,pg 222 ) As the importance is apparent so these resources should be controlled effectively to get the maximum results. To find out how these resources can be used so effectively and strategically different gurus and academics of this subject have presented couple of theories, frame works and models. These Gurus and academics have also described how these approaches and models of strategic HRM can be developed and implemented though implementation of these HR strategies is not that easy as HR mangers need to realize the Strategic human resource requirements not only in numbers but also attitudes, behaviours and commitments. Alan, P. ( 2007, pg.271) These models and approaches can be categorised into two types: General and Particular approach to the practices of strategic HRM. Universality, Contingency and Configurational , are the thr

Veneration Without Understanding: Analysis

Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda, our national hero who is known for his nationalism and patriotism usually come side by side with these words; the doctor, the writer, the philosopher, the clairvoyant, and most of all the hero who died for the country. More than a hundred and fifty years ago, that hero was born and history says that he was the one who revolutionized a new uprising. Not through the literal bloody and violent revolutionary way but by unravelling the skeletons in the colonizers closet through his works and writings.Though he died in the hands of the colonizers, he fought the bloodless way and sparked the spirit of nationalism of the Filipino as an individual. Renato Constantino’s essay, â€Å"Veneration without Understanding† is not one those articles about Dr. Rizal which we typically see in our grade school history books. It is a much more intricate analysis behind the life of Rizal and his being a hero, the factors that made him condemn the idea of the revolution, his recognition and all the angles we don’t usually see and read around history books which turned to be neglected over time.He also discussed how Rizal viewed the words †liberty† and â€Å"independence† differently, the concept of Filipino nationhood and how Rizal influenced the recognition of the Filipino race and elevated the term â€Å"Indios†. Shrouded with the mantel of sainthood and perfection, we all see Rizal as one of the best role models that we have. We look up to him and see him as the praiseworthy hero who died for the country’s freedom. It’s alarming how the previous generations including ours are blinded with all the information necessary to judge whether he is fit of all these acknowledgement that is being showered upon him.After all, he is still a human being vulnerable to selfish mistakes and wrong decisions. I agree with what the author said that our vision has been narrowed or worse, bli nded by the adoration of the greatness of the said hero and how he became a martyr and died for our country in the hands of the enemy. But in my opinion, contrary to what most has to say, Constantino is not against Rizal. He is trying to show us how important it is to search deeper and investigate the defining characteristics of Rizal’ heroism and make us see the important details which we tend to overlook most of the time.Reading his essay made me think about what really makes a hero. Is it his martyrdom and how he died for the country? Or is it the way he stood up against the colonizers? Another angle that the author tries to tackle is the question whether Rizal was really sponsored by the Americans to become our national hero. Quoting an article from the essay, Constantino stated, †History cannot deny his patriotism. He was a martyr to oppression, obscurantism and bigotry. His dramatic death captured the imagination of our people.Still, we must accept the fact that h is formal designation as our national hero, his elevation to his present eminence so far above all our other heroes was abetted and encouraged by the Americans. † It seems plausible that Rizal was really favored by the Americans and gave him the status but this does not change the fact that he was the most important movement in Philippines’ journey towards freedom. We can never deny that he was the one who sparked the revolution and gave the Filipinos a sense of unity and identity.Also, as the part of today’s youth, I can say that he is a great role model even though he condemned the idea of the revolution. I still give him the credit on innovating revolution. Seeing Rizal as a model does not mean that we should follow every step he has made in the past. This simply means that there are many paths in arriving towards the goal we seek just like Rizal who found a bloodless way in informing our brothers and sisters about the hell they been forced to live in. Now, so ciety has come to an era where oppression is not as evident as it used to be.This calls for an evolution of heroism within us. In order for this evolution to take place, we should rediscover the heroes from then and now and see them as human who stood up in the moment of desolation and gave their people the hope that they need. We should examine not only their strengths but also their weaknesses in order to learn their way correctly. Just like how the author Renato Constantino approached his study with our great and famous national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal.

The City Upkeep And Maintenance Of Art Preservation Essay

Lawrence is a vibrant community filled with our everyday superheroes, students, and a collection of arts. With developments untaken by the city council that which makes Lawrence uniquely is under threat, due to the changing landscape around the community. While this is a changing landscape questions arise of how the arts are being implicated in this city landscape and the future of artistic development. This research will focus on the city upkeep and maintenance of art preservation and the roles which Lawrence plays as well as the benefits of proper arts interjection. Kurt Vonnegut is a great place to start for this research as he understands the importance of making art in everyday life. One issue, however, is arts can make a life as well as a living. Arts communities are thriving centers of culture, where people flock to in order to see a spectacle, something out of their day to day routines. Lawrence Kansas is a spot for an artist to gather and collaborate on works, yet to what extent is this cared for by the governing body of Lawrence. Arts and Economic Prosperity Survey, a project from Americans for the Arts has selected Lawrence to view the economic activity which arts development and centers bring into the community. This project relies on surveys conducted by art centers on and off campus to understanding the question of ‘Why Lawrence?’. Allowing this survey into the community has shed a light on the development which is taking place and the advancement whichShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The Local Community For The Host Co mmunity Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesFestivals play a major part in the way of understanding the local people and the heritage of the city as well as develop the local pride of the people and aid the visitors in identifying the vibrant culture of the local city. 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A Brief History of Buddhism - 1417 Words

Buddhism is one of the major religions of the world. It was founded by Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) in Northeastern India. It arose as a monastic movement during a time of Brahman tradition. Buddhism rejected important views of Hinduism. It did not recognize the validity of the Vedic Scriptures, nor the sacrificial cult which arose from it. It also questioned the authority of the priesthood. Also, the Buddhist movement was open to people of all castes, denying that a persons worth could be judged by their blood. The religion of Buddhism has 150 to 350 million followers around the world. The wide range is due to two reasons. The tendency for religious affiliation to be nonexclusive is one. The other is the difficulty in getting†¦show more content†¦Historians are not sure if it was held at either Kasmir or Jalanhar. Both divisions of Buddhism are said to have participated in the council. The council tried to establish peace between them. However, neither side was willing to give in. Because of this, the religion divided into many sects, including the traditional eighteen schools. The traditional eighteen schools of Buddhism were a result of different interpretations of Buddhist teachings. Together, these divisions were seen as too conservative and literal towards the teachings of Buddha. Theravada was considered too individualistic and unconcerned with the needs of the laity. It caused a liberal wing of the sangha to break away from the rest of the monks during the second council. Original group of monks continued their honoring of Buddha as a perfectly enlightened human teacher. However, the liberal Mahasanghikas developed a new interpretation. They began to think of Buddha as an eternal, all powerful being. Believing the human Buddha was an apparition sent down for human benefit, the Mahasanghikas began Mahayana. Not even the names of Mahayanas founders are known. Historians argue whether or not the new sect began in southern or northwestern India. 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